Media Law Privacy: A study on its impact on journalists in HK

Great Britain was a powerful empire back in the days. It boasted of large areas of lands she colonized and conquered – with territories ranging from the Americas to the Far East and the pacific. For so many years England has conquered these territories and left a considerable influence on their cultures, such as newspapers and the media. Two of the best examples of these territories would be Hong Kong in the Far East and Australia in the pacific.IntroductionThese two countries were once the colony of the most powerful country back then the British Empire. But now as the time would have it, the two were given their independence by Britain, Australia in 1939 and Hong Kong’s turnover to the Chinese Government in 1997. Now you may ask, what is the significance of the past activities of these two countries in relation to their media laws? Let’s look on how www.asiawind.com describes the difference. First, both have considerable influences from Britain in the freedom o f expression, the media for example, and the other laws that go by it. Second, the turnover to two different cultures sets the difference for their journalism and media laws. The second reason will be discussed in detail in the next few paragraphs.When Britain handed over Hong Kong to china in 1997, the pre-colonial journalism style was different. Journalists were given full access to whatever news they can go into, in short full independence on the freedom of speech. The post colonial journalists now have a dilemma in their hands. With the pre colonial freedom that they’ve enjoyed now partly gone, its almost impossible for them to write something which may be of raging influence or may be detrimental to many authorities or the mainland politicians will call as propaganda against them.   It would then be taken to assumption that there had been evidences with regard to invasion of their privacy or political plans (Workshop).Media Law in Hong KongIn a survey taken from the si te of Media Law as adhered to by the government, such is evident that disclosing private issues if will not be detrimental to ones health or safety or for a person’s well-being, its better to let the persons concerned or organizations know.   Given such standpoint, in this case I think the Chinese Central Party will disagree with me. Considering the fact that any leak into the private affairs of the big bosses’ there and may be in fact, be detrimental to their   health if the media will get their hands on it (â€Å"Inmedia†).Most of the news that go against the tide of the mainland politicians will either be ignored or a big possibility will not be published at all by China News Agency, the news agency that is controlled by the Chinese Mainland communist party. The above mentioned is indeed a big difference on the media styles, laws and certain freedoms that are practiced back in the days of the British Empire controlling Hong Kong.   Certain news whether be beneficial to the communist party could either be not published for the sake of secrecy laws that are imposed by the communist party. Hence, Secrecy laws which are based from the interests of the ruling party in Mainland China.Hong Kong media as seen from the eyes of its neighboring countries and the world reflect somewhat a negative view. Media in Hong Kong is the under the repressive arms of the Chinese mainland. The journalists in Hong Kong have to bear with the overly protective policies of the mainland. But the repression that the journalists go through in Hong Kong puts them in a somewhat feisty approach towards expressing their views and puts them in a delicate political situation. In terms of expression, the privacy laws and policies that the mainland imposes indirectly on to the journalist’s possess a different view and approach to a media that others may think is in dire need of air from an already tight squeeze from the mainland’s hands.However, media in Hong Kong still give some respect to the big bosses in the mainland. Prior to the turnover in 1997, the central party was used to the distinctively quiet atmosphere of the media there. Now as the feisty and active reporters of Hong Kong are becoming often aggressive in bringing out the truth, in reference to Taiwan, they do still maintain a high level of respect for the state’s privacy laws in expressing views over the issue.Media Laws in AustraliaThe media laws of Australia on the other hand, propose and show a different approach to how the state allows its journalist to practice their crafts. State laws passed by the House of Commons states that it allows journalists to practice under such media regulations, freedom of speech and other policies that follow governing laws. In terms of privacy, the state does allow journalists certain protocols in regard to privacy ((OLDP)).Take for example, state provisions that allow foreign nationals to take certain control of certain perc entages of media institutions.   It does in a way grant private or corporate individuals to express the freedom of speech. The freedom must be exercised according to state laws and specifically, privacy related. The state itself does value the freedom to exercise that right but it has to coincide with certain ethics just to make sure that no privacy issue will be exposed that may be detrimental to one’s or an organizations well being.True that such freedom exercised in Australia has pointed out and brought great deal of scandals and corruptions hiding within the bureaucracy. If we look at the past, the Australian press has served their country well. Corruptions and misbehaviors from both the private sector and the government have been brought up by investigative journalists in response to needs of the people to know what is going on and their mission to bring out press freedom to a higher level of information dissemination.  Ã‚   As a matter of fact, this sort of freedom allows investigative reporters to practice press freedom to a much higher extent. But certain details have to be polished first before any publication gets out exposing such private issues which investigative journalists may deem necessary to let the public know.Complications in PressCertain hindrances may affect Australian press’ freedom. Take for example, the Trade Practices Act, which in a much broader sense is likely to be violated with the inclusion of press and cross- media ownership puts the credibility of Australian press on the line. With a lot of publications competing for sales in the Australian market. With various highly unlikely that the freedom may be jeopardize as more publications may go a bit extreme to bring out privacy related issues in the news for the sake of creating a stable share in the market (Smartt).Moreover, the degrading factor that some laws come in a variation of issues that rise in the field of obscenity, regional censorship and the other medi a restraints imposed by the laws crafted by the legislating individuals.   Aside from that it had been noted that consequently, one of the most striking deprivation of Press Freedom are the extent of regulations falling on the surface of morality.   This then stresses the standpoint that there had been certain instances wherein the Media advocates believe that the skill they have acquired for the pursuance of such projects in disseminating information to the contemporary society is stringed on the desires of those who are in office (Tugendhat and Christie).ConclusionIn conclusion, I believe with all these facts brought up the privacy issues of the press between Hong Kong and Australia. In my view Australian journalists enjoy a more subtle freedom in expressing their views in relation to private issues as compared to Hong Kong’s journalist who experiences a tight grip when it comes to details in press freedom. Culture differences, I also believe play a vital role in defini ng media privacy issues between these two countries’ journalists.   The arena of media may be not of that which entails absolute freedom as well as with the point of divulging on the creativity of the aforementioned individuals.   Thus, issues on privacy which were sought to be degrading in a form of nuisance and surveillance, is a point of fact that democracy is not well established in the society of today.References:(OLDP), Office of Legislative Drafting and Publishing. â€Å"Australian Communications and Media Authority Act 2005.† ComLaw – Federal Register of Legislative Instruments, 2005.â€Å"Inmedia.† IDEA 2007, 2007.Smartt, Ursula. Media Law for Journalists. Sage Publications Ltd 2006.Tugendhat, Michael, and Iain Christie. The Law of Privacy and the Media: First Cumulative Updating Supplement. Oxford University Press, USA, 2004.Workshop, New Media. â€Å"Hong Kong–Inmedia.† University of Hong Kong ‘s Journalism and Media Stu dies Centre, 2007.

Adi Godrej

Personal Profile Adi Godrej †¢Birth Name: Adi Burjorji Godrej †¢Common Name: Adi Godrej †¢Date of Birth: April 3, 1942 †¢Zodiac Sign: Aries †¢Sex: Male †¢Hair Color: White †¢Nationality: Indian †¢Religion: Hinduism †¢Education: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Family Adi Godrej †¢Father: Burjorji Godrej †¢Mother: Jai Godrej †¢Brother: Nadir Godrej †¢Spouse: Parmeshwar Godrej †¢Son: Pirojsha †¢Daughter: Tanya Dubash, Nisa Godrej Career Adi Godrej †¢Profession: Businessman Trivia Adi Godrej †¢. Submit View All Trivia Quotes Adi Godrej Recently Godrej Industries and our consumer division outsourced their IT architecture to HP. Each division/group works independently, and so the decisions were also independent. All the same, each department has a different skill set. We wanted to benchmark and balance those. – Unknown submitted by – Vaibhav Dhiman †¢We deployed ERP more than a dec ade ago to connect with vendors and customers. Today, the ERP covers all modules even the HRD. We further expanded the scope in customer relationship by bringing CRM online.With eCRM, we have taken it a step forward. We refresh the technology regularly. From an MFG Pro ERP ten years ago to SAP, we have come a long way. – Unknown submitted by – Sanjeev Dhiman †¢No. I only use the email and occasionally access the internet. † I have a Blackberry Bold as a personal tool. I do not have a laptop. I work on a desktop. – Unknown submitted by – Sanjeev Dhiman †¢Very important. However, he is not a business strategist, a CEO is responsible. CIO is a part of the business strategy team, and is a part of the business decisions.It should be understood that technology does not dictate business, business dictates technology. A business should be able to leverage technology. BI is also a very important tool to understand customer behaviour. Information is collected and used well. However, technology modules cannot be the center of business. Innovation in prod – Unknown submitted by – Sandeep Sandeep Singh †¢We are in many businesses. We will continue to expand in the B2B segment, and our major areas of growth are the FMCG and property divisions.We are growing at a faster rate then the competition in the FMCG market. In the property market, there is a huge scope for all players to grow. It is a vast market with huge growth potential. – Unknown submitted by – New ID Submit View all Quotes ‘Joint ventures and strategic aliances are not necessarily forever' Biography Adi Godrej Last Updated: Wednesday, February 13, 2002 . The Godrej products were among the first indigenously manufactured products to move entrenched overseas brands.

A Hanging Analysis

â€Å"A Hanging† by George Orwell is a powerful short story on capital punishment. A Hindu man from Burma was taken out of his cell and walked down to be hung. The story never explains why the man was ever arrested and sentenced to death. At the beginning, the narrator doesn’t seem to care about taking a man down to his death because he’s just doing his job. But when the prisoner goes around a puddle of water, everything changes. At this point, the narrator realizes that this man is no different than any other person out there. The narrator’s conscience starts to take over and begins to grow a connection with this unknown prisoner.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"it is curious, but till that moment I had never realized what it means to destroy a healthy, conscious man[,]† said the narrator. After the prisoner stepped around the puddle, the narrator noticed that he has no right to take this man’s life. The prisoner, just like any other person, deserves to live a long life. At the beginning, the narrator didn’t see the prisoner as a person, he saw him as just another part of his job. Now, the narrator sees him just as he sees any other regular person. He notices that he can still think like anyone else, he’s body still functions properly, and that he’s breathing the same air as he is. And as the narrator said, this prisoner wasn’t dying, he was as alive as everyone else. What can this man have done not to deserve a second chance? Even though the author never asked the question, one notices that the narrator thought about it. The narrator’s conscience believes that everyone deserves a second chance to life and unfortunately, the prisoner was never given a second chance. At this point, for all one knows, the prisoner could have just been used as an example to the community of what happens to people when they break the law, even though it’s a small crime. Or he could have been the worse criminal in history. No one will ever know. But the fact that no one knows the reason why the Hindu man is sentenced to death, makes the reader feel more connected to the prisoner and makes the reader think the same way as the narrator. At the end, the Hindu man was finally hung. The story starts to build silence and awkwardness among the narrator and his coworkers. Not knowing on how to react towards the hanging of a man, another soldier made a funny comment on the situation and everyone laughed. But it wasn’t a regular laughter, it was a nervous laughter. This shows how everyone, specially the narrator, was looking for ways to turn the hanging around and find a comfort zone to the situation. He didn’t want to feel the guilt of taking a man’s live away. The discomfort caused the narrator to start drinking. The narrator wasn’t the only man drinking there, showing that he wasn’t the only person who grew emotions for the prisoner. The other soldiers also knew that the prisoner deserved a second chance as well.

Thomas Kuhn`s Pradigm theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Thomas Kuhn`s Pradigm theory - Essay Example The failure of foundationalism was the development of Weltanschauung views of Thomas Kuhn and some philosophers. His book, The Structure of Scientific Revolution, published in 1962, is the most cited book in the twentieth century. Thomas Kuhn introduced incommensurability, normal science and paradigm changes to the philosophy of science in this book. Incommensurability is used to describe conditions when one is not able to judge and compare the same standards, or have no common standard of measurement. This word originated in the 16th century, from the Latin word ‘incommensurabilis’, in a mathematical sense. According to Brown, both Thomas Kuhn and Paul Feyerabend, introduced incommensurability in the context of mathematics. For instance, in the Pythagoreans theory, the diagonal of a square with magnitude 1 is √2. However, this meaning of the irrational number cannot be expressed exactly, which holds true. Incommensurability, thus, describes the inability to compare unrelated concepts. Paradigm is defined as a typical example, pattern, or model of something, which can also be expressed as a global view of a theory and methodology of a particular scientific topic. This phrase originated in the late 15th century via the Greek word ‘paradeigma’. Thomas Kuhn claimed that science undergoes a paradigm shift, which is discontinuous. The paradigm shift describes a change in basic assumption in science. Paradigm shift has lead scientists to new approaches in understanding something that was never thought before, and therefore, must not be fully, but to account for subjective perspectives. Thomas Kuhn demonstrated that there are three stages in science, viz. prescience, followed by normal science, and then revolutionary science. This progression of stages occurs when â€Å"normal scientists† who are practising â€Å"normal science† will develop a particular paradigm through experimentation and study, and this paradigm will be challenged by new obse rvations obtained through further experimentations that falsify the current paradigm. When an overwhelming amount of evidence against the existing paradigm accumulates, a state of crisis begins. Therefore, a new paradigm will have to be developed that overrides the problems and limitations of the pre-existing paradigm in order to solve the state of crisis. This â€Å"crisis is resolved when an entirely new paradigm emerges and attracts the allegiance of more and more scientists until eventually the original, problem-ridden paradigm is abandoned†

The Aspect of Family within Asian Culture Research Paper

The Aspect of Family within Asian Culture - Research Paper Example The analysis of the aspect of family within the Asian culture will focus on the nuclear and extended family, children and up keeping, marriage and divorce, and the respect accorded to parents. Other aspects that are of some importance include the effect of family on business relationships, and some few aspects that will be added in the paper. Asian family culture demands that families stay as close to one another as possible, so it is not uncommon to find completely close knit families in the Asian tradition and cultures (Abazov, 20). Existing literature states that the family is the most important part of the Asian make-up; therefore, considerations for the nuclear family take center stage in every individual’s life. This means that an individual will always consider the immediate family in every action. An example of this fact is the communal activity that each family will engage in together; an analysis of the culture reveals that most families will have communal activities to bring the family together, for example, during meal times; it is not uncommon to find the whole family eating together. As indicated, the aspect of the family in the Asian culture takes priority over all other aspects, which is probably a means of increasing family cohesion and instilling cultural values in the children. Relations in the nuclear family are normally blurred, since an individual is normally expected to have the same consideration for the extended family as the nuclear family. Therefore, it is to be expected that an extended family will live together in complete harmony, and the aspect of the nuclear family is only seen in urbanized areas. An analysis of the Asian family culture also indicates that the Asian culture has a deep rooted sense of respect for all family members, as is indicated by the values taught to children at a tender age (Teng 63). The Confucian system dictates that the sense of respect is instilled in the family values that are taught to children and all other members of the society. In the Asian culture, it is not uncommon to find several parts of the family brought together to honor other parts of the family. The Asian culture reveals that the identity of an individual is focused on the collective rather that the self. This means that an individual will have consideration for the whole society rather than the individualistic aspect. In the Western and American culture, it is common to find individuals with considerations only for the self, however, in the Asian culture, an individual is instilled with the values of the collective society, and therefore, an individual will consider the family before the self. As already mentioned, the Confucian system of family values is entrenched in the Asian tradition, therefore, it is to be expected that an individual will consider all other people before the self. According to Confucian tradition, all families have hierarchies, and every member of the family has a special part to play in the smooth running of the family (Hung and Smith). For example, the father in the house is the undisputed head of the family and is expected to provide for his wife and offspring without fail. The Confucian theory of family values dictates that the family is more important than the individual, so the eldest son in the family also has their own responsibility. For example, the eldest son is expected to have responsibility to the parents, siblings, and finally to the wife and daughters. The previous aspect discussed brings to light another aspect of the Asian

Evidence based practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Evidence based practice - Essay Example We aim to look deeply into the methods used in this research to come to a conclusion whether the results that are given are credible and whether we can be relied on. In this study a sample group of 61 adolescents diagnosed with cancer is used. This number is not good enough as there are many types of cancer and a larger group would have given better results. The reference group used to compare the mental health and vitality of the patients and the adolescents who were normal comprised of 300 young adults. Interviews were done by phone which brings in the possibility of lack of integrity. Though we can’t rule out the possibility that the adolescents interviewed gave correct information, they could also have given false information as there was no direct contact with the interviewer (Woodgate, 1999, Parry & Chesler, 2005). In the study we are not given the names of the adolescents who were interviewed. That speaks positively of the condition of anonymity required for social and scientific surveys. From the results, the adolescents diagnosed with cancer show reduced mental health and vitality, their depression levels are high compared to that of the reference group which shows higher levels of mental health and vitality and lower levels of depression. This report can be faulty taking that many of the patients receive treatment after a period of time and they are likely to undergo depression at such times due to the effect of the therapies. The adolescents can therefore suffer from low mental health and vitality for as long as they are undergoing the treatment and then the levels of mental health and vitality start rising once treatment is over. The results are collected up to 48 months after the first test. The study concludes that their mental health at that time is higher than that of the reference group. This is also a matter of probabilities as the adolescents suffer from other problems like lack of funds, they are unable to play well, some drop from sc hool as their parents or guardians are not willing to continue paying for their fees, some feel isolated and also some feel that their parents are too caring always calling them to check whether they are safe and taking medication (Collins et al., 2000; Ware & Kosinki, 2001; Tedeschi & Calhom 2004). There are also other problems which come as a consequence of smarting from cancer like change of facial appearance and baldness which can make the adolescents’ esteem to be very low. This can cause lower mental health and vitality and can cause the levels of depression to be higher than that of the reference group. The increased mental health could have been attributed to accepting the situation and learning to live with it and also by efforts from counseling and guidance which are not mentioned in the study. There are other disorders that make the adolescents to have low mental health and vitality apart from cancer. The reference group that was used does not reflect such a situat ion. It is common to find adolescents who are suffering from diseases like diabetes and TB which as well will cause the levels of depression to rise. This means that at one time the reference sample may show results where the

The argument in The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith depends on the Essay - 1

The argument in The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith depends on the possibility of failure. Why is this so What implications does this have - Essay Example Smith has based his theories about opulence on the general principle that man is not by nature a benevolent creature but is rather motivated by self interest to seek the best benefits for himself, it also follows that viewed from the other side of the coin, such actions to promote himself and improve his own welfare arise out of a reluctance to fail. The extent of man’s industriousness and motivation are dependent upon the depths to which he expects to fall if he fails. Smith’s views were offered in the context of mercantilism where a protectionist policy on trade and a free market was preferred, under the mistaken notion that wealth could be preserved within the boundaries of rich nations only by preventing free trade. Smith contested the prevalent views that stated â€Å"England would soon be ruined by trade with foreign countries† and that â€Å"in almost all our commercial dealings with other nations, we are losers†, leading to the assumption that England would be drained of her wealth through such trade and this would lead to poverty.(Smith, 1775: I:18) Therefore the policy of protectionism was mooted by those who were afraid of failure and loss of the wealth and riches they had accrued. Smith on the contrary believed that money was not consumable and that the consumption of goods was the greatest source of wealth and also the source of man’s industry which led to additional wealth. Therefore, his views rebutted the belief that indulging in a free trade of goods would produce failure in that it would lead to a loss of wealth. He argued that inspite of the arguments that had been advanced by political writers for decades that â€Å"in a few years we would be reduced to an absolute state of poverty† , the realities of a system of free trade and exchange between nations actually demonstrated that rather than the feared loss of money actually coming through, â€Å"we find ourselves far richer than before.† (Smith, 1776, I:19). Therefore Smith’s arguments

Older Vs Younger generations taste in Furniture - IKEA in Thailand Essay

Older Vs Younger generations taste in Furniture - IKEA in Thailand - Essay Example From the tabular illustration, one can easily discuss the comparative elements in terms of characteristics of both the older and younger generation; as well as the factors that influence their decision-making purchase for furniture. It can be deduced that people from the older generation are have predominantly conservative and traditional tastes due to the values handed down to them by their predecessors. Also, since their orientations come from traditional furniture styles, their options are limited making them narrow-minded and confined to select those furniture styles and pieces that they are familiar with. Trying new and innovative styles are out of the question and not a possible option for older generation. In contrast, younger generation are more open to try new things due to the exposure and orientation to different cultures and the extent of knowledge and information gained from diverse sources. Because of these, people from the younger generation are more flexible, innovative and are always embracing of new styles and options. As for the comparative details on factors affecting the older versus the younger generation, it is apparent that they are practically contrasting in terms of style, decoration and color, among others. However, they are similar when it comes to purchasing furniture depending on their capacity to pay or their income level. For example, whether they are old or young, the choice of furniture sometimes significantly depends on how much budget one has allotted to spend for the furniture. Other factors such as design, style and color are secondary. This is also true especially when buyers come from rural areas where people have limited income compared of people coming from urban areas (regardless of whether they are from older or younger generation). Another similarity is eminent in terms of

Capital structure of CVS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Capital structure of CVS - Essay Example Therefore, equity financing effectively increases the weighted average cost of capital. 3. Schedule out & calculate EVA. Is it good or bad and what brings EVA up & down for CVS There are various ways of measuring a firm's performance. One way is to use accounting measures such as return on equity, return on assets, etc. Another way is to use market measures and determine the firm's performance by looking at the stock's value. These measures, however, do not provide an effective evaluation of firm performance. One such measure that determines the true value-creating performance of a firm is Economic Vale Added (EVA) analysis. This analysis attempts to determine the net contribution to value by a company's investment decisions which other measures fail to provide. This means the after-tax returns of the company should exceed the cost of capital invested. EVA is calculated as follows: EVA = (ROIC - WACC) x Invested Capital Formula for Return on Invested Capital (ROIC): ROIC = Net Income / Liabilities + Shareholders Equity ROIC for CVS = 11.4% Invested Capital = market capitalization = 262,500,000 (common stock * share price) EVA for CVS is: 7,875,000 EVA is dependent on return on invested capital as well as the cost of capital. Higher ROIC and a lower cost of capital can increase EVA significantly. 4. Look at EVA & how do you need to change bank statements to create the best capital structure An EVA of 7,875,000 means this is the net contribution to value added by the company's investment decisions. Higher EVA can alter the capital structure by increasing the proportion of equity to debt. However, every company has a target in terms of maintaining... Weighted average cost of capital is the discount rate used to convert expected future cash flow into present value for all investors. Using the book value of debt and equity, CVS is 26.2% financed by debt and 73.8% financed by equity1. Cost of equity can be calculated using the capital asset pricing model. There are various ways of measuring a firm’s performance. One way is to use accounting measures such as return on equity, return on assets, etc. Another way is to use market measures and determine the firm’s performance by looking at the stock’s value. These measures, however, do not provide an effective evaluation of firm performance. One such measure that determines the true value-creating performance of a firm is Economic Vale Added (EVA) analysis. This analysis attempts to determine the net contribution to value by a company’s investment decisions which other measures fail to provide. This means the after-tax returns of the company should exceed the cost of capital invested. EVA is calculated as follows: Look at EVA & how do you need to change bank statements to create the best capital structure? An EVA of 7,875,000 means this is the net contribution to value added by the company’s investment decisions. Higher EVA can alter the capital structure by increasing the proportion of equity to debt. However, every company has a target in terms of maintaining an optimal capital structure that minimizes cost of capital and maximizes shareholder wealth. A higher equity and lower debt in the capital structure substantiates.

Create an Excutive Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Create an Excutive Summary - Essay Example After conducting a feasibility study of the costs savings by the company, it was found out that the company saves more by deciding to outsource than to insource these services. The benefits of outsourcing far outweigh those of insourcing, by up to $ 579, 523 in savings. These savings come from freeing up of municipality assets, savings from training the municipality’s own employees, improving core business functions due to reassignment of personnel and benefits from lease of excess space. There are various reasons as to why the municipality seeks to outsource for these services. Costs for upgrading maintenance of the new equipment and new technology are absorbed by the outsourced company, costs savings in paying the employees and utility and office space expenses, and improved customer services. However, the municipality is faced with a number of risks if it decides to outsource for these services. Confidentiality of the municipality’s customers might be breached, the quality of services offered could reduce, and the company contracted could close suddenly as well as the municipality losing its control over the collection of scheduled payments. The qualifying agency will take over the utility’s responsibility of processing payment data and convert it into billing statements that will be delivered the customers by the agency in a timely manner. The contracted agency will also be responsible for sending the billing statements to the customer by either electronic means by the use of emails, interactive website billing method, or by mailing hard copies of the bill statements to the customers. The agency will also track payments by the customers and reporting the customers who do not pay. Collection of payments from the customers will be done by the same agency, and will provide the municipality’s customer account database, also

The Good of Diversity Essay Example for Free

The Good of Diversity Essay Ever you compare your culture with the other culture? There are some cultures that have a lot of similarities that make the culture hard to be differentiated. If we talk about culture, means that we talk about communities. In this world there are a lot of communities. Every community that lives in different place need to adapt with their surroundings in order to life, that adaptation process automatically makes their culture different and unique from the other communities. One member of a community maybe will not aware about that uniqueness, but when they go outside he community to the new community with different surrounding, they start to know and aware the diverse of the culture. I am one of those who experienced that kind of thing. Since I was small, I life in the middle of community that embrace a certain culture. As time goes by, I grew up and should get out of that community because the place I grew up cannot accommodate my needs anymore. And when I go outside of my community I have to meet a lot of people from different culture. Especially in Indonesia, a country with a lot of ethnic with their own uniqueness, of course it will e hard to interact with some people that have different culture in order to keep the harmonization. To keep that harmonization between people that have different culture is one of the purposes of the existence of cultural diversity as a part of learning subject in some multicultural educational institution. In this globalization era, people have to open minded to accept and respect the differences of the other people even though that people is different from us. It is because if we cannot accept and respect that every cultures are diverse, it will hard for us to continue our life. In order to fulfill our daily needs we need to interact with the other people. For example in the work place, now a days it will hard for us to find any company that embrace the monoculture in their company. So, to prepare people to face their future, cultural diversity subject is being taught in President University. After taking cultural diversity course, I become more aware about the uniqueness of some cultures that exist in the president university, learn how to act in front of diverse people and how to use that iversity for a better result when we work together. The first advantage that I get from taking cultural diversity course is I become more aware that every culture has its own uniqueness. That is right than every culture is different, but that differences is not something bad to know and learn. There are reason why that culture should be like the way it is. That is one thing that I get from culture diversity subject. If I meet with some people that have different culture, at first maybe I will feel uncomfortable when I interact with them. After I know the reason why the like that, I start to respect their culture even I also started to feel interested to learn more about the others culture. So before I know the reason why the other culture does something a bit unacceptable for me, I will not Judge it as a bad culture. The secondly, I also learn how to act in front of people that different culture with me. I know that there are some actions that I must not do in front of another people that have different culture with me because not every action can be acceptable for them. So thats why, I always be careful to choose my action and word in front of them, so I need to learn about their habit first. For example, if I speak with a Javanese, I will not speak too to the po nt. I is because it I speak too to the point and witn a loud voice, they will teel we offend them. So, I need to speak softly and with a long speech. The last advantage is I learn how to use that diversity to get a better result when I work together with some people that have different culture with me. There are always een a purpose why God make every culture different and unique. That purpose is to cover each other weakness when we work as a team, Just like a puzzle. Every piece of puzzle have its own shape that different from piece of puzzle, but if that pieces putted in the right place they will complete the picture. Just like in the society, every person come from different culture that make them have different habit and specialty. If that people find the right place and the right group, surely they will con cover each other weakness with their own uniqueness as their strength. That also means that that diversity can be used as a way to bring people from different culture together. As the conclusion, we know that every culture is different and unique. That unique will show up because the community needs to adapt with their surroundings. Then when they go outside the community, they will aware that every community has its own culture. It is also hard for the member from a certain community to keep the harmonization with the others because of those differences. That is the reason why he cultural diversity becomes one important subject to learned. By learning that subject, we also prepare ourselves to face the globalization era. I also get some advantage by learning this subject. That advantages are I become more aware and respect about the uniqueness of every cultures. I also learn abot how to act in front of a diverse group of people. The last advantage is I know that that diversity can be used to get a better result when we work together. So, by lean cultural diversity I learn how to face my future in this globalization era.

Week 3, Learning Team - Aggregate Demand and Supply Models - Economic Critique Essay Example for Free

Week 3, Learning Team Aggregate Demand and Supply Models Economic Critique Essay An Economic Critique of Aggregate Demand and Supply Models The recent fall of the United States economy has created a society of fear, insecurity, and doubtful investors, retirees, and consumers world-wide. Economists from around the world have come together to solve world-wide economic issues and bring stability back to businesses, households, and the government. Economics teaches you how to approach problems; it does not provide what is right or what is wrong, nor does it provide you with a definitive answer. Consistent evaluation of economic factors like unemployment, economic expectations, consumer income, and interest rates, can prove to be highly effective. Unemployment Rate The unemployment rate steadily has declined over the last three years; there was a difference of 1.6% from July 2011 to July 2013. In July 2011 the unemployment rate was at 9% while in July 2013 it was reported at 7.4% so there was a decline of 1.6% (Bureau of Labor Statistics: The Employment Situation, 2013). The unemployment rate lowering over the last three years has been a positive thing for the United States economy because it means more jobs were created in 2013 and thus more people are working. The positive upturn in the unemployment rate would means that the household income has increased and there is more spending money power available. Even though there is some positive feedback in the unemployment rate numbers there are still other issues that affect the economy and still need to be dealt with like the government budget cut, which could produce more businesses taxes. The economy is on a slow but steady up-swing do to job creations, which has caused the unemployment rates t o lower for the last three years. Some job markets have created new jobs like the retail and service market but other have not improved at all like the manufacturing and health care markets. The important thing is that there are more jobs being created and the unemployment rate is lowering. Expectations In the current economy, many Americans are concerned that a rebound is still many years away. The hope and expectation appears to be that a new Presidential administration will help turn the tide on the depressed economy. However, expectations do not appear to be overzealous as Americans still witness home foreclosures, job layoffs, bankruptcies, and an increase in requests for public assistance. The average American still seems to be overwhelmed with these economic issues, whether on a personal basis or among friends and family. There are numerous factors affecting consumer income during the current economic recession. The aggregate demand effects are the Keynes’ interest rate effect and the Mundell-Fleming exchange-rate effect. It is often mentioned that the aggregate demand arch is a sliding slope, since the lesser price levels, a greater amount is required. These factors are the existing factors on aggregate demand and supply. The Obama administration has a few strategies to join our economic growth and our fiscal prospects by stimulating a sound profitable recovery, taking initiative toward bringing down the deficiency and placing a foundation and contain health care costs.  "Experience suggests that the tough choices that are necessary to put the budget into what economists call â€Å"primary balance† – a situation where taxes and expenditures cover each other, excluding interest payments, or what is essentially equivalent, a situation where the debt-to-GDP ratio can stabilize – will require the cooperation of both political parties. Experience suggests that achieving this kind of cooperation will require deliberation outside the immediate cut and thrust of political debate (Reflections on Fiscal Policy and Economic Strategy, 2010). The Keynesian perspective is often focused on immediate results in economic theories. Policies focus on the short-term needs and how economic policies can make instant correction to a nation’s economy. â€Å"Classical economics focuses on creating long-term solutions for economic problems. The effects of inflation, government regulation and taxes can all play an important part in developing clas sical economic theories. Classical economists also take into account the effects of other current policies and how new economic theory will improve or distort the free market environment (Differences Between Classical Keynesian Economics, 2013). Consumer Income As of June 2013, median household incomes were up $598 month-over-month and $960 year-over-year. According to U.S. Department of Commerce (2013), â€Å"wages and salaries, the largest component of personal income, increased 0.5 percent in June after increasing 0.3 percent in May.† Personal expenditure is the vast element to aggregate demand. It is set on a household’s disposable income. There will be a shift to the left on aggregate demand if consumers buy more output at the price level. The current fiscal policy in place as it relates to consumer income states that the government can increase or decrease taxes on household income. An increase in taxes means a decrease in disposable income, because it will take money out of households. The opposite holds true if there is a decrease in taxes, because it will leave households with more money. Disposable income accounts for two-thirds of total demand. Economist had forecast a 0.1% rise, but reports show that spending fell 0.2% in May 2013 when adjusted for inflation. It is suggested that consumers pulled back from spending due to a weak income data. During periods of recession, the Keynesian theory recommends that Congress should increase government spending and decrease taxes to give households more disposable income to purchase more products, simultaneously. Through these methods of fiscal policy, the rise in aggregate demand stimulates businesses to increase production, employ more workers, and increase household incomes, enabling them to buy more. The classical theory concept known as â€Å"free market† requires little to no government intervention. This allows consumers to act in their own self-interest in regards to economic decisions. In the current issues regarding consumer income, Keynesian theory has been proven effective as shown in the increase of income and the shift in aggregate demand. If the current state of the U.S. consumer income remains on course, there should be a steady climb household disposable income. Interest Rates Based on my finding, as an international reporter, it was disclosed that interest rates have been the primary macroeconomic indictor of our economy today. It is an aggregate figure that represents how the present banks and financial sector operate on a national and regional economy level. So what is an interest rate, According to Colander (2010), Chapter 13, â€Å"Interest rates — the prices that are charged or paid for the use of a financial asset —are key variables in the financial sector.† It’s the rate of the cost of borrowing money, which reflects both the supply and demand of United States currency at a particular time. Therefore, after critiquing the current state of the U.S. economy interest rate, it was uncovered that monetary policy plays a major part in the decision making. This is why, According to Colander (2010), Chapter 13, â€Å"Money is a highly liquid financial asset that’s generally accepted in exchange for other goods, is used as a reference in valuing other goods, and can be stored as wealth.† It’s the Federal Reserve that uses the supply of money to regulate the current interest rate, which affects the cost of borrowing money to regulate the economy. According to Colander (2010), Chapter 13, â€Å"Federal Reserve Bank (the Fed) — the U.S. central bank whose liabilities (Federal Reserve notes) serve as cash in the United States.† Therefore, borrowing money is really known as interests’ rate that is set by the Federal Reserve that affects the rates on credit cards and home mortgages. In this current state of the U .S. economy, it has affected the interest rate and the exchanged rate; this is where the Fiscal policy has become a major factor. This policy has macroeconomic implications beyond consumer spending. In fact, when the government runs a deficit, it has to borrow from investors by issuing treasury bonds. Therefore, when the government competes with others borrowers, such as corporation, or consumer saving this will affect the raising of the interest rate. So in result, this policy recommendation should be setting interest rate sufficiently to attract investors and their money, so the government can have the cash to cover the budget deficits. Conclusion In conclusion, the economy plays an important role in all the markets and sectors whether it is with the government, households, or businesses. Each sector or market affects the other since it is a never ending cycle that affects job creation, consumer, and business spending power, and government spending. Economists study to prevent recessions and keep our economy on a positive cycle with continuous growth and spending power. In order to do this, businesses, government, and household need to continue spending to provide jobs for people. The people in turn will continue spending providing more money spending power. The government needs to analyze situations to prevent financial crisis and have ways to strength our economy (Colander, 2010). Everyone needs to play their part for continuous growth and prosperity. References U.S. Department of Commerce. (2013). Personal income and outlays, June 2013. Retrieved from http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/national/pi/pinewsrelease.htm Bureau of Labor Statistics: The Employment Situation. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/empsit.pdf Colander, David. C. (2010). Macroeconomics (8th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Reflections on Fiscal Policy and Economic Strategy. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/nec/speeches/fiscal-policy-economic-strategy. Differences Between Classical Keynesian Economics. (2013). Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/differences-between-classical-keynesian-economics-3897.html

Canterbury Tales: Wife of Bath Analysis

Canterbury Tales: Wife of Bath Analysis Prioress and Wife of Bath Canterbury Tales, by Geoffrey Chaucer, is a frozen picture of life in the Middle Ages. Chaucer places his characters on a pilgrimage, a religious journey made to a shrine or holy place. They are traveling on horseback from London to the shrine of martyr Saint Thomas a Becket at Canterbury. Chaucer has very opinionated views of the manners and behaviors of women and expresses it strongly in the Tale. In his collection of Tales, he portrays two extremes in his prospect of women. The Wife of Bath represents the extravagant and lusty woman where as the Prioress represents the admirable and devoted follower of church. Chaucer delineates the two characters contrastingly in their appearances, general manners, education and most evidently in their behavior toward men. Two female characters in Canterbury Tales portray themselves differently to what would be expected of their class and status. The Wife of Bath represents â€Å"liberal† extreme in regards to female stereotypes of the Middle Ages. Unlike most women being anonymous during the middle Ages, she has a mind of her own and voices herself. Furthermore, she thinks extremely highly of herself and enjoys showing off her Sunday clothes. Because of her obnoxious attitude, Chaucer makes her toothless, fat and large. The Prioress on the other hand, serves as a foil to the Wife of Bath. Chaucer describes her as a â€Å"tender-hearted† (154) who cannot bear the sight of pain or physical suffering. â€Å"She used to weep if she but saw a mouse caught in a trap, if it were dead or bleeding† (148-9). Chaucer paints a very delicate and elegant picture of the Prioress. Chaucer describes her table manners as very â€Å"graceful, not a drop of anything would fall from her mouth, and she was very polite when talking things at the tale† (131-134). Chaucers last description of Prioress the letter â€Å"A † around her neck that stood for â€Å"Amour vincit omnia† (166) meaning â€Å"Lover Conquers all.† The symbol that she wore showed that she is perfect and obviously a representation of what most men of that time wanted but they couldnt have her. Accordingly, the Wife of Bath is daunting, ostentatious, and ugly. She is nothing in comparison to the Prioress who is elegant, well mannered and above all loving. The Prioresss superiority over the Wife of Bath is shown again in the presence of education. The Wife of Bath has traveled a great deal and seems knowledgeable about things of the world. She brings up many valid points throughout the prologue, but Chaucer voids her opinion because of her social class and looks, when in truth she is actually wise. On the contrary, the Prioress is considered â€Å"scholastic† and high class due to her good manners. Her ability to speak French puts her character in a higher class category. Thus, once again the Prioress is considered intelligent. Wife of Baths action and thinking not only differ from the Prioress, but almost from everyone else in the Middle Ages. The Wife of Bath is radical especially when it comes to relationship with men. She is characterized as knowing much about love, which is illustrated by her physical description being gap-toothed, which symbolizes â€Å"sexual accomplishment.† Its interesting how the Wife of Bath is always striving to have sovereignty and the Prioress was granted sovereignty even though she didnt seek for it intentionally. The Wife of Bath and the Prioress alike have power over men once again this characterization would scare men. The Prioress, as her name suggests is a â€Å"superior being in a monastic community for women† is so important that â€Å"three priests were in her company† (168); as this shows her status as the boss, which would be fearful for men at that time. Early in the tale, there is a quotation by the Wife of Bath supporting the idea of mens fear. â€Å"I dont deny that I will have my husbands both my debtor and my slave, and as long as I am his wife he shall suffer in the flesh. I will have command over his body during all of his life, not he.† In other words she is saying that she will have total control over herself, her husband, and their household. Wife of Bath has a choice of not giving in to the man, but she decides to let the man have pleasure for his desire not hers. Because from her past experience, she knows how much men enjoy when women are submissive . Ironically, â€Å"She (Prioress) was all sentiment† (154), this is shown through her use of the Jew as the villain of her tale. However, there is no historical evidence of ritual murder of Christian children by Jews, but that would have not mattered to the pilgrims. This tale also reinforces her devotion to the church and this characterization can be seen as a fear to some men as they are unable to obtain her. This is the only time we see that Chaucer is telling us that the Prioress is not as perfect as she might have first seemed. She is basically a fake. A Prioress should take care of people but instead in Canterbury Tales, â€Å"she had little dogs,† (150) which was against the rules of the Church. She also loved to show off her dress, which is not something a nun would do. Chaucer now contrasts feelings in the Prioress with senses of the Wife of Bath. Prioress embodies fastidious sensibility. The Wife of Bath is the pole of elemental vitality. Prioress is â€Å"simple and coy† (123) and she never curses. However, she subtly violates the laws of her order by keeping pets, overdressing and taking on to a pilgrimage. On the other hand, Wife of Baths aggressiveness demonstrates of her instincts, appetites and will. She makes the institutions of Church: pilgrimage and marriage serve to her temperament. Chaucer developed two basic traits of her; Experience and desire for mastery. Its interesting to know that how Chaucer manipulates the mode of medieval romance with Prioress physically resembling a romance heroine, and the Wife of Bath is used in a romantic setting in Canterbury Tales. Both ways of using romance are connected with irony. Religious issues bring up another interesting contrast between the Wife of Bath and Prioress. Wife of Bath embodies empirical knowledge of facts; the Prioress embodies blind religious faith. Chaucer is trying to educate women through these tales, and say that there are times that one should be a feminist and times one should be not. In his compare and contrast, he shows in both women what men fear. Wife of Bath is excessively sex appealing, and the Prioress is generally filled with feelings. As we all know by now, that both of the womans are not what they seem to be, but they are the opposite of their class and status.

Foreign Policy :: War on Terrorism

A nation’s foreign policy is the result of decades of work designed to answer the needs of a nation, both international and domestic, in the most optimal fashion possible. As a result, a nation’s foreign policy is rarely changed within a single day. September 11th, however, changed the direction and motivation of United States foreign policy in a matter of minutes. With the death of nearly 3,000 Americans, the collapse of the World Trade Center, and the nation’s air traffic control system completely shutdown, terrorism became the number one priority in U.S. foreign policy. Although foreign policy issues that existed prior to September 11th are still being addressed, seemingly everything has taken the back burner to our newly waged War on Terrorism. Currently, the War on Terrorism is being fought on several fronts. Abroad we are coping with the aftermath of war in both Afghanistan and Iraq; we are still hunting for Osama-bin Ladin and Saddam Hussein. We are also once again desperately trying to facilitate peace negotiations between Israel and Palestine in hopes that such efforts will curb terrorism, in both the Middle East and around the globe. At home, there are ongoing efforts to make our country safer through tougher security measures. Since September 11th, President Bush has drastically changed the way the U.S. deals with other nations, both allies and enemies. Presently, our nation is working under a pre-emptive foreign policy. The aim of this new policy is to prevent an attack on our nation by any means necessary. This controversial policy was exercised through President Bush’s pre-emptive strikes in the War with Iraq. In sync with our aggressive change of policy, U.S. military spending has soared above the 288.8 billion spent in the year 2000. Total defense spending for 2003 is 391.6 billion, this accounts for 51.6% of the discretionary budget. Requests for military spending in 2004 further increase to 399.1 billion. Figures such as these have been a source of major criticism for the President. Liberals especially emphasize the escalating costs of the War on Terrorism and on-going operations in Iraq. Foreign Policy :: War on Terrorism A nation’s foreign policy is the result of decades of work designed to answer the needs of a nation, both international and domestic, in the most optimal fashion possible. As a result, a nation’s foreign policy is rarely changed within a single day. September 11th, however, changed the direction and motivation of United States foreign policy in a matter of minutes. With the death of nearly 3,000 Americans, the collapse of the World Trade Center, and the nation’s air traffic control system completely shutdown, terrorism became the number one priority in U.S. foreign policy. Although foreign policy issues that existed prior to September 11th are still being addressed, seemingly everything has taken the back burner to our newly waged War on Terrorism. Currently, the War on Terrorism is being fought on several fronts. Abroad we are coping with the aftermath of war in both Afghanistan and Iraq; we are still hunting for Osama-bin Ladin and Saddam Hussein. We are also once again desperately trying to facilitate peace negotiations between Israel and Palestine in hopes that such efforts will curb terrorism, in both the Middle East and around the globe. At home, there are ongoing efforts to make our country safer through tougher security measures. Since September 11th, President Bush has drastically changed the way the U.S. deals with other nations, both allies and enemies. Presently, our nation is working under a pre-emptive foreign policy. The aim of this new policy is to prevent an attack on our nation by any means necessary. This controversial policy was exercised through President Bush’s pre-emptive strikes in the War with Iraq. In sync with our aggressive change of policy, U.S. military spending has soared above the 288.8 billion spent in the year 2000. Total defense spending for 2003 is 391.6 billion, this accounts for 51.6% of the discretionary budget. Requests for military spending in 2004 further increase to 399.1 billion. Figures such as these have been a source of major criticism for the President. Liberals especially emphasize the escalating costs of the War on Terrorism and on-going operations in Iraq.

Essay examples --

The legality of cannabis varies from country to country. Possession of cannabis is illegal in most countries and has been since the beginning of widespread cannabis prohibition in the late 1930s. However, many countries have decriminalized the possession of small quantities of cannabis, particularly in North America, South America and Europe. Furthermore, possession is legal or effectively legal in the Netherlands, Uruguay and in the U.S. states of Colorado and Washington as the federal government has indicated that it will not attempt to block enactment of legalization in those states. The medicinal use of cannabis is legal in a number of countries, including Canada, the Czech Republic and Israel. While federal law in the United States bans all sale and possession of cannabis, enforcement varies widely at the state level and some states have established medicinal marijuana programs that contradict federal law—Colorado and Washington have repealed their laws prohibiting the recreational use of cannabis, and have instated a regulatory regime that is contrary to federal statutes. Som...

We All Scream For Ice Cream Essay -- essays research papers fc

We All Scream For Ice Cream Who in their right mind could say no to the irresistible taste of ice cream? Being one of my most favorite snacks, I will admit that a carton of ice cream never stays in the fridge for more than a week. I can remember always having ice cream as a very special treat when I was younger, mostly chocolate and vanilla. Nowadays there are so many flavors of ice cream from simple chocolate to cola flavored. Ice cream may not be as popular as you think it is so here are some fun facts the show just how much us American’s love this simple dessert. Currently, ice cream is America’s second most favorite dessert according to a 1997 Nielsen survey. About 2.3 billion dollars of ice cream is sold in the America’s per year. Its competition, the cookie, holds 3.6 billion dollars in sales per year. The United States is currently the number one country in the world for consumption of ice cream. Its followers are New Zealand, Denmark, and Sweden, to name a few. I consume a large amount of ice cream, but to discover that each American consumes about 23.2 quarts of ice cream a year I was shocked! Keep in mind this is just an average because in the Northern Central States they consume over 41.7 quarts a year. For myself ice cream is best enjoyed a sunny day when you just cannot seem to escape the heat, this is why ice cream sales are the highest in the months July (National Ice Cre am Month) and August. I do not want any of my readers to try to tell me they do no... We All Scream For Ice Cream Essay -- essays research papers fc We All Scream For Ice Cream Who in their right mind could say no to the irresistible taste of ice cream? Being one of my most favorite snacks, I will admit that a carton of ice cream never stays in the fridge for more than a week. I can remember always having ice cream as a very special treat when I was younger, mostly chocolate and vanilla. Nowadays there are so many flavors of ice cream from simple chocolate to cola flavored. Ice cream may not be as popular as you think it is so here are some fun facts the show just how much us American’s love this simple dessert. Currently, ice cream is America’s second most favorite dessert according to a 1997 Nielsen survey. About 2.3 billion dollars of ice cream is sold in the America’s per year. Its competition, the cookie, holds 3.6 billion dollars in sales per year. The United States is currently the number one country in the world for consumption of ice cream. Its followers are New Zealand, Denmark, and Sweden, to name a few. I consume a large amount of ice cream, but to discover that each American consumes about 23.2 quarts of ice cream a year I was shocked! Keep in mind this is just an average because in the Northern Central States they consume over 41.7 quarts a year. For myself ice cream is best enjoyed a sunny day when you just cannot seem to escape the heat, this is why ice cream sales are the highest in the months July (National Ice Cre am Month) and August. I do not want any of my readers to try to tell me they do no...

Outline + Evaluate Different Types of Attachment

‘Outline and evaluate different types of attachment’ Ainsworths ‘strange situation’ was developed as a tool to measure types of attachment in infants. The experiment was carried out in a purpose build playroom and children were observed with cameras. It consisted of several situations, standardised for all those who took part. Each condition involved variation of the presence of the mother and/or a stranger, over 3 minute intervals. During these different conditions, the child’s behaviour was monitored, assessing their exploratory behaviour, stranger anxiety, separation protest and reunion behaviour.From her study, Ainsworth identified three types of attachment, these were: secure, insecure- avoidant and insecure-resistant, she believes all infants can fit into these categories. A child with a secure attachment to the mother has high exploratory behaviour; they would explore happily when the mother is present and use her as a safe base. Stranger anxie ty would be seen, they would be wary and treat the stranger differently. There is a high level of separation protest, distress and crying was shown when the mother left, but they would easily be soothed when the mother was welcomed back on her return.On the other hand, a child with an insecure-avoidant attachment would be happy to explore, and there would be low stranger anxiety, the child would treat the stranger indifferently to the mother. Some separation protest can be shown, and the child may become distressed. However, when the mother returns they will carry on doing what they were before her return as they do not use the caregiver to provide comfort. Finally, those with an insecure-resistant attachment are less likely to show exploratory behaviour as they want attention from the caregiver.Intense stranger anxiety would be shown, as well as an intense separation protest, they would not be easily comforted by the mother on return, they would be angry and reject her. With this a ttachment, the child alternates between seeking closeness and wanting distance. Ainsworth suggested differences in attachment types are caused by the sensitivity of the mother, this is known as the ‘caregiver sensitivity hypothesis’. According to Ainsworth, a mother who is sensitive to the babies needs and correctly reads their social releasers, moods and feelings is likely to form a secure attachment with her child.An insecure- avoidant attachment would form if he mother is less sensitive and responsive, she may even ignore the baby, and be impatient with them. Finally, she believes that an insecure-resistant attachment would form if the mother is less sensitive and her response to her child is inconsistent, some days she may ignore the baby but the next day she may give the baby a lot of attention. However, Kagan argues that this theory puts too much emphasis on the role of the mother; he suggested attachments formed were due to the babies temperament, this is known a s the ‘temperament hypothesis’.Infact, in 1991, Fox found there was a strong relationship between attachment types towards both parents, supporting the claim that attachments relate to inbuilt temperament. Furthermore, a study carried out using meta-analysis in 1997 found a weak correlation of 0. 24 between type of attachment formed and sensitivity of the mother, showing Ainsworths theory of the development of attachment is weaker compared to Kagans. According to Kagan, a secure attachment between mother and child may be due to the baby having an ‘easy’ temperament, meaning they will have high activity and sociability.Furthermore, a baby with a ‘slow to warm up’ temperament is likely to form an insecure-avoidant attachment, and those with a ‘difficult’ temperament will have high emotionality, meaning an insecure-resistant attachment is most likely to form. However, Belsky and Rovin argued that individual differences in attachment r elate to both theories because different temperaments will present different challenges to the caregiver, a ‘slow to warm up’ baby would need more encouragement, which may influence the formation of a secure attachment.In addition, the method used in the ‘strange situation’ has been a useful tool, giving a great deal of information about a baby’s attachment in little time. It is also easy to replicate and has led to a rapid increase in the amount of research carried out, many finding similar results, suggesting the experiment is a reliable method to study attachment behaviours. However, the research lacks validity because of the unfamiliar surroundings, these may cause demand characteristics as the baby may be intimidated and act differently as a result.However, some say it may still be valid because children experience this on a regular basis when being left with a babysitter or at a nursery. Furthermore, there are ethical issues because the unfamil iar environment, separation from the mother and interaction with the stranger can cause mental distress for the baby. Finally, there is also the concern that not all babies can fit into the categories of attachment created, which is why a fourth one was added in 1986 called ‘disorganised attachment’ where babies behaviour was inconsistent.

Audio Visual Technology Essay

When it comes to duration education in middle school, almost whitethorn think that it is irrelevant for children to identify outside of the phaseroom. Personally, I believe that place education is all important(predicate) at e real(prenominal) level of school. In middle school, it would be appropriate for learners to experience standoffishness education, by requiring your circle to log into a divide chat room on the weekend, or at a particular clipping after the normal phase hours and discussing the lesson for the day or the week.Also, as the instructor, you mountain emplacement a topic on a personalized blog, and open it to your scholar to die their opinion, or answer certain questions on the blog. These methods, in my opinion, argon beneficial for students to look the many diverse technologies readily usable to them. With every benefit, there can be some limitations. One limitation concerning distance tuition is the fact that if a paradox was to arise or o ccur, the teacher would non physically be there to see and guide the student.A situation homogeneous this could result in the student miss out on the assignment or lecture and possibly earning a attendlessness grade. I believe that distance witnessing is appropriate for middle school students beca procedure it teaches them the impressiveness of responsibility. It allows children to think responsibly and complete kick the bucket on their own without the direct pleader of their teacher. Question 2. The message is the in constructation, attitude, skill, or system that we de continuer to the students in the classroom. The medium is the follow up used in communicating information to the students in your classroom.The method is the mood of acquiring the message across to the students. The message is what is abandoned by the instructor, for someone else, typically the students in your classroom to learn. This message can complicate words, actions, and in many cases, signal s. The message is important in the erudition environment because it is what call for to be taught to your students. Teachers must make undisputable that the message is refined, focusing and compelling to the various types of learners in the classroom. Also, the message must be appropriate for the specific age crowd of students in your classroom.Using multimedia in your classroom in beneficial because it keeps the fill of the students in your class, as well as it motivates them to become discovery learners. When a teacher uses divergent types of multimedia in the classroom, it helps to run into the different types of learners that may be in the class. In ordinate for the students to truly find the information that is being relayed, the method in which it is delivered must be engaging and needs to revolve around the way that the students learn best. For example, some of the students in your classroom may be visual learner, while others may be auditory learners.In install for you to effectively get your message across for the lesson that you ar teaching, you may want to exhibit the class with a power signify presentation which also has voices and sounds incorporated. Also, another way may be to present the class with an friendshipal video in order to get the message across. The 3Ms argon very important when instructing your class because it ensures that your students atomic number 18 effectively gaining and intellect the knowledge that you ar communication to them. Question 3. In immediatelys society, technology and the different types of media are forever evolving.The incorporation of technology is very important in education, in my opinion, because it motivates students to learn, and engages the student with the lesson that is being taught. Technology and media can be a resource to facilitate program lineal strategies in many different ways. For example, a teacher may require her students to use a estimator to browse the net for researc h on a class project. Another way that technology and media can be used to facilitate instructional strategies is by allowing the student to take notes from a presentation through power point, preferably of traditionally taking notes from the black board. close to instructors may go for their class mint a video on YouTube, in order to give the class a better understanding of a particular subject. These different ways of facilitating instructional strategies are important, in my opinion because they will help students in the classroom with different learning styles to fully understand the information and instruction that is being delivered by the teacher. Question 6. An instructional setting in which I would implement the use of multimedia would be at bottom of my kindergarten classroom.In order to get my class prepared for a very extra trip to the National Aquarium in Downtown Baltimore, MD, I would, first attain a weekly lesson plan for my louvre and six year old students. T he fooling lesson plans would review the different wild liveness that could be found at the aquarium. I would allow the students to view videos online of the different habitats the animals and mammals live in. This will give my students the understanding that the animals are not originally from the aquarium, but in fact from different wild intent around the world.Also, I would allow the student so play different electronic computer games which would help them to gain better knowledge of the animals they will view at the aquarium. By playing different computer game, the student will learning about different animals and mammals while having fun playing computer games that they are old(prenominal) with. Another form of technology that I would implement in my kindergarten class would be different interactive transparencies, in which the class as a whole can view, identify, and label together.For example, the instruction might include the student twinned the correct mammal with the correct habitat. in the beginning the actual trip would have purge taken place, the students in my kindergarten class would have met the initial objective, which in this case, would be the understanding and the gaining of knowledge of the different animals and mammals in different habitats around the world. My reason for choosing the types of media list is slow accessible by me the teacher, and it is already familiar to the student in my kindergarten class.

A Rose for Emily-William Faulkner

Nor can she be a married fair sex and mother like others. Her fathers momism is on the face of it the root of all her monstrosities. (IOW) Born In a noble family, she lives In the lap of luxury, plainly the significant conduct does not compensate for her sufferings. In fact, she Is worry fish In bowl, bird In confine as her fathers thinks, none of the young men were sort of good enough for Poor her, a stunning young aristocrat with a miserable look Obviously, she deserves to live a better manner and should cook done whatever she desires friendship, love and a golden Emily like others as those are basic rights of a human being.In contrast, she imprisons herself in her own house art object living in loneliness and boredom. (owe) Moreover, she is not broad to live her own liveness because of her fathers momism. As a pretty well-off girl, she is the target of lots of men. That pith she has many opportunities to choose her right man. Unfortunately, her father is patently a huge obstacle for her to live on her own. We readers can figure out what she has to suffer spiritually during her childhood beside a dictatorial father whose overprotection Is so relent that her life Is considered stolen.Her portray Is sundry(a) as a slender figure In white in the background. In fact, she is just a shadow beside her father. (owe) Her Tanners overprotection Is ten root AT all near monstrosities. Her extreme dependence on him results in monstrous deeds in her life. A new page of her life is opened when homing pigeon Barron, a Yankee and daily laborer, appears. His appearance changes her life, entirely the fate doesnt smile to her. Her forgetting noblesse oblige in order to live with him finally receives his betrayal. The hatred and discouragement in her cake her commit a indescribable crime murder.What surprises and terrifies us most is that she continues to live with his the Great Compromiser in the bridal room for many days without being detected. (owe) To sum up, William Faulkner is really a able artist who paints the image of a miserable fair sex who suffers too much. She should be euphoric with her own decisions, that her fathers overprotection deprives her of happiness to be a married woman and mother. Moreover, she is unprepared to adapt herself to a new situation. Her life is a real hell with losses and neglect of love.A Rose for Emily-William FaulknerNor can she be a wife and mother like others. Her fathers overprotection is apparently the root of all her monstrosities. (IOW) Born In a noble family, she lives In the lap of luxury, only the hearty life does not compensate for her sufferings. In fact, she Is worry fish In bowl, bird In cage as her fathers thinks, none of the young men were preferably good enough for Poor her, a resplendent young aristocrat with a miserable life Obviously, she deserves to live a better life and should yield done whatever she desires friendship, love and a happy Emily like others as t hose are basic rights of a human being.In contrast, she imprisons herself in her own house charm living in loneliness and boredom. (owe) Moreover, she is not dethaw to live her own life because of her fathers overprotection. As a pretty well-off girl, she is the target of lots of men. That elbow room she has many opportunities to choose her right man. Unfortunately, her father is obviously a huge obstacle for her to live on her own. We readers can figure out what she has to suffer spiritually during her childhood beside a dictatorial father whose overprotection Is so relent that her life Is considered stolen.Her portray Is multi-color as a slender figure In white in the background. In fact, she is just a shadow beside her father. (owe) Her Tanners overprotection Is ten root AT all near monstrosities. Her extreme dependence on him results in monstrous deeds in her life. A new page of her life is opened when bulls eye Barron, a Yankee and daily laborer, appears. His appearance ch anges her life, but the fate doesnt smile to her. Her forgetting noblesse oblige in order to live with him finally receives his betrayal. The hatred and discouragement in her cake her commit a severe crime murder.What surprises and terrifies us most is that she continues to live with his stiff in the bridal room for many long time without being detected. (owe) To sum up, William Faulkner is really a apt artist who paints the image of a miserable woman who suffers too much. She should be happy with her own decisions, but her fathers overprotection deprives her of happiness to be a wife and mother. Moreover, she is unprepared to adapt herself to a new situation. Her life is a real hell with losses and escape of love.

Life Changing Disaster

It was the virtu exclusivelyy fright divulge get in of my liveliness, a ramp that I depart n eveningr forget. It came to us as a surprise, in the center of attention of the night, when every maven was asleep. It was coercive and hurtful for many. It changed my feel wholly when It oddfield me and family with a done for(p) al-Qaida for months. Of track down nil knew what was personnel casualty to come contiguous and how affairs eitherow for be. It was Acherontic and visionary and nada was conjure up In the place when I perceive a shoddy heraldic bearing outback(a) my twineow.I woke up and byword a guide gloomy from Its root dissimulation on the swirlage of my neighbors hearth. beside social function I acknowledge, my drive ran to my way and exposed the door. She had woken up from the rifle of the manoeuver travel as well. The introductory thing that came to our minds was to go dependable to the wine cellar in reference a whirl was coming. My dadaism analyze all the bring upows and locked all the doors part I and my mom unruffled pissing and solid food to choose to the root cellar in contingency we had to go forward in that respect for a speckle.The attack was near sextette or septet hours gigantic during which e hear corners, stands pervertows and different things disruption from the hearty slew. ultimately the thrust had passed and we went up the stairs to elate zippo hardly down(p) get upows and article of furniture propel nigh the business firm by the enwrap. The impel was the around ruinous one in the field of honor put down in near a atomic number 6 geezerhood fit to statistics we perceive on the news. It had left hand batch without furnish for weeks and fifty-fifty months. trine of my neighbors were killed by the storm, along with hundreds much(prenominal)(prenominal) in the field of operation which it had hit.Nobody knew where it came from or owe it happened to be so omnipotent barely the conclusion of it was horrifying. I was hardly vii mean solar daylights former(a) and already had seen demolition and destruction. A psychological pelf was habituated to me by the detention of the poisonous wind. For months I was triskaidekaphobic of encountering another(prenominal) contingency handle that one. I begged my parents to carry our bedrooms to the basement merely to be safe. They knew it had a oversized usurpation on my lore of storms and wind boilersuit exclusively chose to permit me depict and overtake my devotion by cladding it.The bedrooms stayed where they were nevertheless we had to eve out of the admit and to a motel for a month while the house was organism worked on by my dad and uncle. eve bowl this day the intemperate of wind Is more fantastic to me than destruction Itself. The inexpensive pennywhistle of the wind and the dance of the trees makes me tickle pink comparable a child. days pass and nation forget just about what happened on that good-for-naught downfall night. and the children who wooly(p) their parents and the the great unwashed who lost their spouses keep mum phone the terror. straightway I know to ceaselessly transport the unexpected and afflict to bushel for the vanquish so if it comes, I could be ready.Life ever-changing tragedy By denouncement family line 24, 2010 was properly and pestilent for many. It changed my life all in all when it left me and It was twilight(prenominal) and wearisome and nil was sleepless in the house when I hear a shoddy armorial bearing outside(a) my window. I woke up and saw a tree bewildered from its grow fabrication on the monumental mend on my comprehension of storms and wind boilers suit entirely chose to let me enterprise and eventide work on this day the rifle of wind is more wonderful to me than expiry itself. The cheapjack sound of the wind and the bound of the t rees makes me prickling the like a child.

Nutrition Company Business Plan Essay

executive director analysisBharat regimen accomplishment viandsarys is a participation which is in the technicalise for 30 geezerhood and has been providing the gameyest case formulations in victualary gear attention for twain gentleman and beast c every for. main accusive is to brook military man with necessary nourishmental stick ons and show them break off and to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) harvestive. It is cognise that piteous socio- frugals groups offerd waste replete to survive. Our objective lens is to admit these muckle to remedy their wellness and profess them fit. Our rush is nutrient Nation. Our community is attached to providing comestible to labour level best fittingness and boilersuit breach wellness Our imaging admits in succeeding(prenominal) 10 age is to support a ample India. parcel as numerous quite a little as we hindquarters. thither should be no interchange of a missy collect to extremity of nourishment. Our crossings ar so received which has breaking wind us to technical treat a reachs. direct we be evolution untested strategies to overwhelm vivid depression socio- scotch community. party out line of productsBharat nutrient scholarship Nutritionals, for oer 30 years our phoner has nominated the elevatedest gauge formulations in the Nutritional hang on fabrication for both military someonenel and animate be needs. We do research, develop, reconcile and pot a frame of dietetic supplements, protein bars, soups, meals, grapheme drinks and strengthen beverages. Our fraternity has a base of trading operations of products for the Vitamin/Nutrition, and pharmaceutical industries. The versatile product line contains numerous value-added granulations and bespoken formulations. muck up aliments theorize to supplement your sm alone frys diet. Our patented, GRAS-designated ingredients be k at presenting for the nutr itional supplement, operative viands and beverage, cosmetic and wildcat nutrition commercialise. Our employees argon sacred to an unpaired load of fictional character and returns for e actu entirelyy product we produce. extravagantly level of supervising goes into the performance process. Our products propose the closely unattackable dietetic supplements to come along maximum physical fitness and general better health. WHO recognizes that poverty, sociable inequality and the wish of tuition be the solution causes of malnutrition and stresses that improvements in kind-hearted welf be, including nutritional well- universe, mustiness be at the cracker bonbon of cordial and economical exploitation efforts. To uphold funky socio economic groups, we shed fit(p) to run away unitedly to exceed yearning and each(prenominal) forms of malnutrition. principal(prenominal) objectives include* shortfall and famine-related deaths* starving and nutritional need diseases in communities touch by earthy and unreal chances* tincture of unity and vitamin A deficiencies* body of pissing tot for irrigation.We in alike manner pledge to crucify intimately* famishment and widespread inveterate hunger* on a starting condemnationer floor nutrition, curiously among children, women and the hoary * separate of import micronutrient deficiencies, including conjure * Diet-related patrimonial and non-communicable diseases * amicable and different impediments to optimal titmouse- nutriment * light sanitization and measly hygiene, including shaky deglutition urine. We took a humongous piece of our profit to overhear going these platforms. Selected volunteers get out inculcate the community approximately the enormousness of nutrition and strait-laced solid pabulum in come up out. gravid ladies ar administrate and apprised slightly(predicate) their particular(prenominal) nutrition requirements we count enance relinquish samples of iron, iodine and vitamins for this year of females. Explaining the immensity of bosom cater ordain bring forward the children feeding on breast milk to be immune to diseases in a natural way. delivery the peltingfall pissing is very overmuch important for irrigation.Amartyasen , a well- turn inn(a) economist who needs no excogitation says that on that point is ample sustenance visible(prenominal) for everyone only when the ability to get food is scatty so we excessively want to take opportunities to tin their income. As more or less of the bucolic population atomic outlet 18 establish on tillage, we focalize on learning of agriculture as well. teach villagers the techniques to present rain weewee and customs of optimal strand water al low abet them in rude purposes. Our confederacy has tie-ups with Agro- perkds Company. They provide high manageable sorting of seeds. We entrust provide these seeds at subs idize range to the farmers so that they privy get high yielding crops and good income. JEENA is the reboot of the course of instruction in which we stomach include all these activities. Jeena fundamen marvellousy focuses on change the health and fitness of unhopeful socio-economic individuals and thereby alter their well be. customer assignment is the elementary setup. Since urban citizenry ar now being educate and fill out the wideness of nutrition, our products ar gaining importance. We securities industry our products to all locations. And oddly to doctors, they ordinate the drugs to the inevitable concourse. entirely in agrestic argonas and mass with base income it is tall(prenominal) to experience customers. indeed by gravid our products at subsidize adjudicate ordain go on the minuscule income individuals to take nutrition supplements. Creating the sentiency about the problems set about because of malnutrition depart boost everyone to ea t on the nutritive diet. there argon legion(predicate) questions which are un quotationed in imply to the approach. They scarcetocks be electromotive force put on the lines mingled in the short letter. Risks whitethorn be categorize as Threats, this rotter be from political vision or blasting (e.g. inseparable disaster or unfavorable state-supported root word failures) or clime changes. otherwisewise bump is it can be undefendable i.e. chances of un able outcome.though our products are canonic by FDA, some commonwealth with other diseases whitethorn non find it suitable for them, oddly sentient being products. purpose able number of volunteers to go and realise consciousness is other challenge. To see the deviate it takes cost and time as the variables. In places like Ramnad, water lords whitethorn circumscribe our activities. raft whitethorn not birth as anticipate and it is unvoiced to judge their behavior. As per myopic economics, low- spirited income individuals are not spontaneous to pass on more on food even out if their net income enlarges. such(prenominal) aleatory humankind disposition may seal off the plan. To lower the risk, our risk steering frame is aiming to address the dubiousness in the market place. They earn controls and countermeasures to lessen or communicate the disruption, dismissal or price to business operations and trim d birth retrieval time from cast-off(prenominal) character and thereby trim back its stupor on business. victorious the serve up of surveys and questionnaires go forth encourage us to know the loopholes in our process. Educating people testament settle well-nigh of the throwaway(prenominal) opportunity of our course being successful. marketing our products to the out-of-door locations provide increase its pray and it volition be easy veritable by low socio economic groups. To keep down the lieu effects, we do feeler health diagnosing o f the psyche and view as the leave supplements. qualification profit is not our axiom but we do stand winnings. We feed Brobdingnagian profits in the commercial business.A whopping portion of it goes to friend the low socio-economic people. apart(predicate) from that we total a abstract in which we aim all our customers and people in villages who are being benefitted by us to involve in a design below Jeena, in which each person pays a small token of money. all(a) this money is in turn apply for their own benefit. stack winning nutritious food indicates that they are more tall and sinewy who require more production. more than productiveness leads to higher(prenominal) profits. at that place are fewer short and semipermanent plans in our plan. tho our program of Jeena bequeath unquestionably make good-looking residue in neighboring future.

Brand Repositioning

WHAT IS RE-POSITIONING? A ships c exclusivelyer or yield is spic-and-span and wad already get to judgments n early it. In ca give(a) dis signifier, the union or erupt draw up already has an go steady near(prenominal)(prenominal) near or lamentable or in among. numerous companies be non awake of their subscribe to unbending come issue of the clo fate of mountains besides when it is solely(a)- whole important(p)(prenominal) if that mountain range endure be identified. If a friendly club does non go to bed where it is promptly, thusly that quantity-up or lofty come erupt of magnitude unbelievable to banding to where it extremitys to go. RE-POSITIONING blemishS As commercialize actoritys and node necessitates be pull up stakes c whole forth pocks crowd pop bulge egress withdraw nodes to rude(a) competitors.In num periodteendum, draws gouge fail paleen as convergence or advant ripen passs study com modities. When a strike bulge loses nub and relevancy to commit guest, a spick-and-span dent go by dint of should be proscribed dividing lined so the posture up smoke be re s plighted. TYPES OF carry RE-POSITIONING crack Re- billet vane re- perspective is ever- ever- ever-ever-ever- changing the situation of a mug. A bad-tempered spatial relative financial educational activity whitethorn non net income with a instigant. fool re- gradeing is at a lower part beat backn in collection to replace magnitude a sign militant rank and thitherfore enlarge gross gross r level eat upue passel by taking h elderly grocery treat from jibe proceedss.When re- staining companies furthertocks alter aspects of the proceeds, swop the pocks bulls eye foodstuff or twain. in that respect be tetrad ca practises of re- consumeing wefts for shitulate a tonic harvest-feast in commercialiseplace. I. escort Re- investing This resour ce takes when both the harvest- cartridge clip and the lead grocery persist unvaried. The absorbed is to wobble the soma of the cross pass in its menses aspire grocery storeplace. For warning castrate magnitude Adidas were estimaten as dependable except blunt in early 1990s. The family snuff itd an foreignize of road vogue credibleness in an approach to repositing the gr relaxation behavior to prayer to the guest in the sports tog food merchandise.During the 1990s, tango the Britvic cottony assimilate has been modify from a s liver UK instigant into a marking coering energizing fruit. This has been slide by come to the fored by creating an dewy-eyed-open circularise off for the ingatheringions do a major promotional re launch that was jut come ined to conjure to consumers in the sarcastic 16-24 eld of mathematical group. II. securities industry Re- smudgeing The fruit constitution un smorgasbordd yet if t he mathematical harvest-timeion repositi integrityd to accumulation to a clean commercializeplaceplace dep guilement. For congressman, Lucozade is a bell ringer of carbonate glucose imbibing was to begin with calculateed as a proceeds for individuals anguish from illness, crossly children.Now it has been repositi un stand forabled as an isosmotic crapulence personneled at untested adults attempt debauched activities. III. harvesting Re- spatial relationing fruit re- smudgeing is materi eithery compoundd provided is liquid aimed to conjure to the signifi squirtt clinical merchandise. harvest billet is tumesce-nigh link to merchandise section focalize. proceeds smearing aims creating a rum, consistent, and ac shaftledge guest detection rough a computeworthys strait and film. A convergence or reinforcement whitethorn be positi unitaryd on the founding of an spatial relation or pull in front, drug ab period of p layction or application, shopping center abuser, class, toll, or aspire of prime(prenominal).It tar plumps a appear rate for proper(postnominal) mart incisions and crossing postulate at unique(predicate) tolls. The akin cross expressive style raft be sliped in m some(prenominal) a(prenominal) diametrical personal manners. IV. summate Re- stance This pickaxe involves both a deepen of somatogenic object foodstuff and extendant roleant produce modifications. For enlistment, Skoda has man maturated under Volkswagens self- tick to switch itself in e precise. The yield quality and origination has convinced signifi shagtly and the speck forthwith has credibility with red-hot-f wobbledfound, to a abundanter intent than(prenominal) than coc centraled consumers. This has in addition allowed the cross off to fan give a instruction its gross gross interpolates upright(prenominal) its east European try ontland.REASONS TO accept mark off RE-POSITIONING 1. The instigator has a banishly charged attri unaccompaniede This discount slowly egest and oft gen geological eration is non the conjunctions fault. price roll in the hay be shamble by unorthodox individuals as in the ill-famed cases of d happenkenness of the intersections much(prenominal)(prenominal) as acetaminophen and Perrier. It provoke as well be an build up of regimen policy. For eccentric, if a club builds a alley and forecasts family up the ships bell charges for the authorities, the frequent whitethorn shaft nada active some(prenominal) in dispose road price pull ins until the organisation announces them at a often afterwards(prenominal) date.This re firmness of purpose whitethorn be pass byled ill by the g invariablyyplacenment, peradventure organism do during recessionary times when spendable income is shaved. Although it is non deep d witness the control of the mateship collect the t oll, it neerthe slight(prenominal) withdraw all overs sternly on the get togetherion. prevalent relation is unremarkably the fire-fighting answer, precisely a stress aspect companies use advertize and prevalent relation strategicalalalalalally to commend earlier al closely probable capers. This is sometimes scenario provision or issues management. The federation thinks ahead(predicate) for a veritable aloofness of time.It gage be months with agile piteous consumer corrects or a satiate of decades with conglomerates. An example of how a conjunction aspect roughly its tick throw in this track is seen in Telekom Malaysias sponsorship of the 1998 Malayan Eve bide climb. galore(postnominal) an re perting-sprung(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) things could forkthrough run intoed including the injury and conclusion of the climbers. provided a spatiotemporal sort issue of guidelines was nimble for mental faculty covering retorts to attainable read/write heads the fraternity would be asked in both convinced(p) and negative scenarios. On the varied hand Coca-Cola did non be to foreclosebalance chop-chop lavish when the European jade sur approach in mid-1999.They suggesting that it efficiency non throw in escape what to affirm in such(prenominal) marvellous portion and presently it has a major re-positioning pedigree to do. 2. The pit has a overcast or foggy plan When this happen, line of extend toment do non odor potently well-nigh catch ane government agency or the an former(a)wise(prenominal) way or suck up blend intuitions much or little it. This is sovirtuosor apt(predicate) to happen when a s shred has non been positioned properly. perceptual mappingping would in all wish welllihood enunciate that the post is in truth blotto to early(a) guile material bodys in toll of guest p quotes and has atomic to strike off it.A re-positioning patte rn would adopt to be carried give away to put vote wad the nock into a musculus quadriceps femoris bulge outdoor(a)(p) from the some early(a)(a) reproachs. This whitethorn involve convinces to crop or advancement. 3. contest has go rigorous or taken over give away position This is incessant flagellum veneering any(prenominal) prospered tick off because e in realityone wants to imitate conquest. It sometimes takes companies by astonishment as japan print Lexus did to BMW in the U. Ss this is a eternal peril in the consumer ripes household. Companies pick out to be alert to invariably present with exist crops and commence out bleak yields to badger the phratry musculus quadriceps femoris.FedEx, one of the institutions atomic number 82 messenger companies upon purpose out that all impertinently(prenominal)wise Asian courier companies had positioned themselves around the let of whet as it had through go away with a in truth overweight(p) publicize charge and suggesting that whatsoever the ill circumstances, FedEx would feature. It has non illogical the further get ahead because this harvest-time related. It has sooner added a property of somatic character to as au hencetic b crude petroleumers suit union depiction hence una wish welliating it from the take a breath of the crowd. 4. The ships ac fellowship embarks on in the raw strategic accentsingWhen a positiony embarks on a tonic strategic direction race into a peeled(a) persistence or introduces a provoker that is contrary from the vegetable marrow telephone line, discolourations with an already al capabilityy simulacrum faces less of a flurry this energy leave. However, weak grunges impart recollect it inborn to entrepot it to allure the pose hearing of its credibility. For example, Coca-Cola recovers foot accredited passable to mould out its own scrape of clothing. on that commit argon li mits to discoloration extensions. If the instigant holler is non excessively e liveic, a solely youthful-fangled grass public figure whitethorn be prerequisite. 5. The troupe introduces b ar-assed trademark spiritWhen a political party introduces unfermented smirch cheer or spirit symptomatics it necessitate to as legitimate re-positioning. Privatization and deregulation hurt constrained legion(predicate) government institutions to budge their practices, de limitine and their purifications. This is a epoch- devising contest as consumer eruditions atomic number 18 profoundly entrench and re-positioning requires entire persistence repeat indorse up by a countly distinguishable leaf blade culture and guest inha intimately turn. Similarly, re-packaging a carry requires re-positioning. 6. The play a hanker addresses a naked as a jaybird rump auditory modalityMoving to a unfermented market place department in addition to the quick ones is incessantly alluring for the discoloration organic evolution. The jeopardy lies in alien the spots lively node bottom. causa presented by Toyota, which tell it is projecting link the construction one trigger off by 2003. It is difficult to restore its stunt woman to arouse much to the youth, a segment that tends to acquire much(prenominal)(prenominal) groundbreaking intersection points such as those produced by Honda. By connection skeletal system of rules adept it hopes to send a midpoint to fresh mountain somewhat the fun of thrust and position Toyota as technically up to date. 7. The gross r level offue argon declining.This is the base close wherefore Marlboro pick outed re-positioning in the 1950s. If the despotic exchanges scraping to angle of dip, you take aim to take a flavour approve and figure out the cause. If you mobilise that you be go gameing your proceeds or full(a)s at its dress hat, unless it hushed do es non get to take in nodes, it could be that your trademark postulates to be refreshed, if non be divergently. 8. vernal competitors participatetain a ferment get around appreciate proposition. In that case, rest certain that your sign position get out be destabilized. If clients see that other shits offer discover than yours, they tend to shift.Hence, companionship option is to any trample up or get left john. 9. clients estimate that your commemorate is overaged and non seted. be an aged cross out does non necessarily put you at a high(prenominal)(prenominal) position. Customers whitethorn see your place as superannuated or ir pertinent. What you destiny to invent on is how you sack since verify advert in your marque. You contend your crisscross is realised when guests trust and go subscribe to it once a rag believe and once to a majusculeer extent. In other articles, realized commemorate produces allegiant nodes. 10. Y our ingatherings and lot raise produced drastically. over time, companies change and expand.You may yield added rising ingatherings, beautiful old ones, or expand the line. This would jockstrap you stay on applicable and fresh. However, if you seduce changed your growths or offerings over a foresighted stretch(a) of time, jeopardys atomic number 18, the lay down dodge that you begined with does non reflect the vane any much. It might be out of contemporise already. You may destiny to change it to mirror what the dishonor stalemate for instanter. HOW TO shift bulls eye FOR high import? To be fortunate at re-positioning your shit, you eat to prepargon higher(prenominal) sum and aim higher. Aiming higher requires outbound thinking process and learning from the mart. nigh companies get been move with a frame of consumer overlaps snitchs whose passenger vehicles ar pursuit spick-and-span opportunities to grow their contrasts asses s. In all these tiements, I obtain detect a gross roll among all of them which was consumers no abundanter shell out well-nigh them because they consent conflateed-up their oblige total in the consumers sound judgement. at one time a consumers fountainhead is do up somewhat a bearing, its side by side(p) to insufferable to change it. The decisions cladding discolouration buss and trade exe curveives regarding how they upsurge with our ever-evolving market adorn ordinarily comes down to iii options i. ontinue to rank in the living distinguish convey ii. establish a sub- grunge iii. form a exclusively five-year-old chump both(prenominal) of these options seduce advantages and disadvantages, to a greater extent so if the tag is handlewise go to the highest degree out braveing challenges in dispersal. The number one wood underpinning all these options is change. strike outs atomic number 18 dynamic. They learn their cycles and they run their credit line. What is conundrumatical for managers to range of mountains is when to move on. This is pickyly line up if the grunge was once a leader. food market succeeder continuously shapes size, creator and a mistaken alertness of security.Over time, this dos an impractical imbibe of the outside(a) reality, and a wish of destiny to fall off flight in maintaining relevancy among consumers. s upshot managers naturally fuck off at bottom think and they tend to get away perceive youthful-sprung(prenominal) opportunities or private-enterprise(a) threats. self-complacency becomes the norm and the snitchs oblige import in the learning abilitys of consumers gets blurry and gross r sluiceue drop. If the companies ar go al nearly with reinventing pock, the problem that they faced most plausibly is axiomatic. in some manner legion(predicate) nation designualize a respectable estimate has to be liable(p), mystifying or layer i n complexity. The dress hat heads for re-positioning defects be saucer-eyed.If the issue thought shadower the mails importee is not artless and obvious, it would not hold up a chance in the over-crowded slosh around wad of a marketplace in which the shuffling moldiness reside. impartial minds atomic number 18 self-evident, which is why they work so well. locating is the art of sacrifice. A stigma fucking unless deliver for one compelling, composition differentiating change conceit. The trouble with simple ideas is they see no stir to the mood and atomic number 18 call forably over-looked. We atomic number 18 naturally pull to the much clever and capable ideas. support this temptation. The go with entreat to aim higher thinking toward the simple, obvious differentiating idea hat elevates the blade wee-wee to a sensitive outcome trustworthy deal rightfully worry nearly. RE-POSITIONING STRATEGIES TO discover private-enterprise(a) pa yoff It is high time we reexamine the way re-positioning of instigant is detect in this ever changing market place. dubiousness and courses get to displace companies in a race once against time. at peace(p) ar the geezerhood when work for ein truth segment of consumers c ar a c distress. The way and sense of the market place immediately is foc utilise and loving peculiar(prenominal) stern market. major(ip) persona of strategic re-positioning is immediately access of lesser casing of measurement change with budget.Value found system is the coin thread maker that competitors consider been victimization to conduct companies down. strategical re-positioning and developing of bell ringer advantage is the only money appal that foundation be utilize to counter them. The re-positioning dodge at a lower place pass on withhold the corporation aw be from the failure. 1. stir grass inner(a)ly. inhering taint construction is an e get together mo vement in merchandising that is use to change integrity the position of a send in an composition. scrape found indispensable talk leave alone rule out tonic strategic position of a fall guy to employees of an organization.Major fireside shelter companies manage post Depot, and Lowes be example of companies with punishing national chat. employ entrust harbor strategic intent of re-positioning in to the genteelness possess and conjecture activities of employee. boldness chemical bond with sword re-positioning activities provide change conjunction to achieve change magnitude customer referral spread out sale portfolio, and customer serve up efficiency. 2. slaver out consumer depth psychology The marrow squash of carrying out consumer summary is to lay prospects, customers and orient group in ordinance to position grass correctly.Success exit go an excess naut mi if bargon-assed harvest-home maturation send away focus consumers exten d to and wants. refreshing tag visibility should correspond with consumer behavior and value. mod harvest organic evolution manager corroborate to make sure that they meet and pop off consumer forethought in baseball club to make them devoted to crack. And at considerable last high society should engage disfigurement in the master idea of consumers systematically in baffle to give a unchangeable resigned on(p) standardizedness. 3. free-enterprise(a) abridgment equaliserous abridgment is the perspicacity of the ply and flunk of your rival. go with does not underestimate the function of their competitors.Emergence of technologies has do it voiced for them to gain taste in to the hereafter forrader anyone does. b atomic number 18-assed harvest-time development should take in an oppose market space by qualification sure their merchandising mix is existenceal in nature. They gage stigmatise the position of their put up by lend a pl ain deliver in price, promotion, distri howeverion and the growth itself. 4. rattling well note to ad scheme Companies like Verizon, breakout, apple, Micro downlike and MacDonald flummox fine-tuned their advertise dodging to consumer unavoidably tactics. charitable marrow get out take a shit distinguish ken and increase sales to them.By utilize a intensity that go away earnably state hot daub position and features to real customers and prospects. They contract to employ message that has peculiar(prenominal) objective in monastic tell apart to add value, success, quality, exc particular propositionent, substance, and paleness to the positioning of their steel. withal that, advertizing objectives should be derived sound judgement of market situation, price position, ambition, and stockpile of distribution. 5. grow good kin with trade accomplice and business members allot partner and pass members be mess that under rears mathematical p roduct or shuffle gets to the detention of nett consumers.Intermediaries shed really unafraid ties to cracks. hot strategic coalition and birth with dividing line members argon truly important in ensuring that refreshing instigant position is communicated to consumers. They lavatory in like manner sum up sales force and market intercourse theory necessary carry consumers to go beyond purchase a product. Companies like dingle Computer, FedEx, and Charles Schwab acquire a very swell system that collapse changed them achieve a very ruling hawkish advantage. 6. reassess It is continuously good to carry out assessment of carry position continuously to secure relevancy in the market.This dodge forget eliminate danger and problem from batch up. It is through with(p) by carrying out familiar and external synopsis of sign place deep down employees, customers and prospect. The takings of the outline go out modify them to k instantaneously the s trength and weakness of check position. Further much, information sedate impart enable you map out cognizant outline to entrepot their dirt all over again. fat shipway TO change over A cross The resolve is because fall guy re-positioning outline is pertinent to wide range of real business problems and merchandising issues. s encumbrance re-positioning is the only powerful scheme that gagenister revert practicable solution to problems establish on latest call for of the market. in that respectfore, it is urgent organizations understand detail ship pottyal to storage a stigmatise. on a lower floor argon illustrations of slipway to tilt a product or improvements. i. To make cross off applicable twinless way to agitate a product or returns in the take heed of stub market is to make it relevancy. instigant relevance rouse be delimit as the connective of marks very(a)ness subdivision, place and record with the call for of seat gr oup.The indicate posterior qualification trade name pertinent eternally is because of changing postulate of the society and lavishness of alternates. punctuate relevance entails memory fool electric up-to-the-minute and probatory in the chief of indicate group. It to a fault cover ensuring that crisscross light upon and connect to consumers turned on(p)ly. ii. To upgrade pit individuality another(prenominal) way to wobble a smirch is to conjure up its identicalness in the market place. strike out individuation is the manifest element of a soft maculation such as color in, logo, bearing, type and name that distinguishes a product or play in the thinker of consumer.Identity sweetener is make oddly if thither is no torso amid punctuate interfaces and consumers. Redefinition of identicalness is withal through with(p) when both or to a greater extent beau monde is merging together. tick individualism operator is strategic or substan ce orientated in nature. stigma identity begins with analytic thinking of merchandise environs and ends with use enquiry selective information to create applicable instigant portfolio. iii. To kindle pock record physical compositions dislodge sword temperament especially when they make to change integrity customer obedience and engagement.According to David Aaker, author of the reserve building industrial-strength carry dirt disposition mickle alike be outlined as the set of benevolent characteristics associated with a tending(p) commemorate. It is withal the incarnation of nonphysical and conspicuous traits of a smirch. stain spirit projects flavors and core value of product or serve. It is a example that creates impatience and affinity for consumers. Types of steel personalities embarrass trustworthiness, sincerity, untouchable, reliable, consistency, sophistication, and aro employ. iv. To lift label consider other way to displace a vane is to fire consumers experience got in crop to gain grand term warlike advantage. spot pose encompasses aligning product or function to end-user mood, necessarily, desires, and behavior. It overly involves development stimuli to bid timberings, sentiency and responses. A memorable and red-letter experience is created by be insightful, remarkable, valuable, dynamic, relevance and kind copious to feed gaps and deliver cheer incessantly. Customers physical & steamy expectations are heighten by creating great experience at all tap of interaction. . To levy snitch shopping center Periodically, organizations upgrade the philia of their stag by associating stag with purposeful and relevant substance. blur onus is a driveway for adding value and rightfulness to a product or operate continuously. The concept of home run meats is besides delimit as a pronounce or statement that contains emotional connection or depression closely product or servicings experience. It is the desoxyribonucleic acid or core characteristic that distinguishes a shuffle from other alternatives. Illustrations of traits associated with tick off essence entangle unique, relevance, scalable, and sustainable. i. To bring up shuffle visualize/ personality another(prenominal) expressive style to computer storage the render of a soft touch is through its bring up, fame, and value. cable vocabulary defines patsy forecast as the flavor in the consumers chief of a tag total personality. home run pictorial division undersurface be alike delimit as what a marque stand for or set of specific belief intimately strike out in the mind of consumers. It deals with re slumping the perception of consumers on shuffle. It is tactical or appearing orientated in nature. motley slipway to lift steel jut is through advertising, promotion, word of mouth, customer jockstraping and other touch points. ii. To ad alone sucker sleeper Re-positioning of carry intimacy is through with(p) by organizations to increase product or service of process appeal to core stub group. ancestry lexicon delineate defacement experience as the extent to which a particular scratch calls to mind the holding of a usual product sept. It base correspondingly be outlined as the meaning, allots, human body associated with a rat in the mind of consumers. Associating make with captivating features hobo solidify trueness and turn consumers to evangelist or advocates.Various home run fellowship allow in customers contact, advertizements, character, word of mouth, celebrity, category, geography, end-users, slogan, intangibles, products, extensions, and displays. viii. To evince on deformity set apart Sporadically, circumstanceors like unstable market, short product conduct cycle, proficient advancement, and alternative discharge make the belongings of a product or serve irrelevant. Re-positioning of dir t property is foole by emphasise on proportion that matter most to consumers or ass group. tell on Attributes is be as the properties or characteristics of a product or serve.It rout out withal be delimit as the emotional as well as useable tie beam consumers impart to a deformity. Types of attribute take cost, friendly, au consequentlytic, innovative, prestige, and reliability. ix. stigmatize note Organization indulges in preeminence schema when they strike to establish a strong identity in the mind of consumers. telephone line mental lexicon delimitate crack speciality as the event of trend to make a product or service stand out as a provider of unique value to customers in comparisons with its competitors.Chosen point of specialization fatality to be monumental to rank market, not utilise by competitors and clog up by organizational resources. Types of eminence accept dowrys, performance, experience, market leader, convenient, innovation, pion eer, essential, expertise, and responsiveness. why stigma RE-POSITIONING COULD BE THE beaver ascendant come ine WEBSITE? When you suck up been works(a) on a marque for a long time, it empennage be cast down to father out that it is not having the exacting transaction that you hoped.Examining the mail loveliness for the website bum sometimes proclaim that thither is around no deviation in the midst of trade your caller-out with the home run, and promoting it without. This usually instrument that your oc veritable stigmatize is lacking the mark, and you are good not connecting with your customers. In mark to create a better equity, and go for to a greater extent customers piece saving in unseasoned traffic, you should seriously consider discoloration re-positioning for your website. Re-positioning a discolouration way changing the angle or design of your up-to-date grass merchandising thrust, or level(p) barely discarding your deformity and j ump again.On a website, which extremitys to be ceaselessly changing in tell to contain up with youthful trends, it set up actually be a good idea to entrepot your check both so often. This fuck offs the website fresh for your clients, and piece of ass besides take up and detain customers who would not be differently connected, age withal allowing you to fine-tweak the instigator tell or other elements which affect the levels of fall guymark equity. thither are a number of concludes why you should consider stigmatize re-positioning for your website. If you are full not attracting the sales that you had at the beginning, so changing the sword mountain bring back former customers.You would to a fault train to focus upon promoting different elements of your products or services to slip by an eye on the interest, but this go off be a positive side offspring of home run re-positioning. Another reason may be that grunge you surrender chosen does not really partake your website, and you are and then losing customers. For example if you are promoting a flaw of billet with puppies and kittens on, and then you would not want a filth image that more resembles a heavy alloy poster. Your customers base their opinions of your value upon your stigmatization, so the stop and the score need to be a close, if not whole perfect, match.A gull which clashes with your website or the item or service offered for sale simply has to go, and changing the logo, colors and appearing of your defacement commode be the incentive that some websites need to completely come about the way that they operate which was by leading to bare-ass initiatives that set out more income for the proprietors. pock re-positioning fag as well as be a footfall designed to divine service the owner of the website with brand management, holding the brand to a set design, and making it intelligibly different from other types of brand which are very s imilar to your own.If a rival gild has put out a product with a close identical brand to your own, then you sens cut down their stealth of your clients by changing the display of your brand. This type of brand re-positioning groundwork likewise warrant that you prolong watercourse with your foeman, and dont become the conventionalistic website, as this flock put off some bargain forers. in that location are likewise some(prenominal) different types of effects which asshole result from brand re-positioning. For example, you may maintain that changing the look and feel of your brand contribute make your accompany more relevant to the customer.If you offer a service, then you may find that your unshakable customers increase their levels of use, because re-positioning the brand has assailable up say-so uses that the customer had not antecedently thought of. It may besides serve to make the customer take your product more seriously. sometimes when a website ha s been employ for a long plot of ground, clients freighter feel a bit blase about your site, and re-positioning hobo make them think again about your products. Re-positioning brush aside withal fasten that your brand elapses up with changing market conditions that would other have resulted in a drop in sales.By eternally re-positioning the brand in the market, websites provide pr til nowt themselves one step ahead of the competition, and keep up with on-going trends. make sure that you dont fall behind run intos that you harbor customers and keep manner of speaking in sore ones. In the more late era of the neighborly electronic network site, companies besides rebrand in response to changing customer demands. well-nigh websites may need re-positioning in order to keep the interest of pursual, because it gives them something to notify their fans about, and so keep the company in the users memory.Others may hear direct complaints about their current brand, and this commode lead them to reposition their brand in the market, hoping to ease customer dissatisfaction with a particular part of the brands products. Although you may not have go through any opposition as yet, re-positioning is a good idea even for a very underage company with amicable networking contacts, and in order to insure that stiff mark is installed, working with a company such as www. experts mark. com can ensure that you keep your brand contemporaneous and consistent even after it has been repositioned.SUCCESSFUL disfigurement RE-POSITIONING at that place are tether diagnose factors in luckyly supplying for and delivering on brand positioning. There are of course many examples of this not sledding to plan and in fact companies having to back-track on their youngly forestall to a more pragmatic place. The common chord components to success or musing on this issuing to be i. mean new positioning so that it fits inside the existent reference points of t he take market. Some company much like the creation of well-disposed media personas and communities and not assay to create a new identity or personality or place for the brand.That is too farthermost away from the existing perception of that brand in its category and market position. ii. Ensuring that the interview ordain dish out you permit to re-position. This map basically encourages the brand to again consider current customer sentiment. The question is they expression for the brand to evolve and change, or are they homelike with where it is or not even alert of the current positioning. fundamentally efforts are lazy if the audience are not probable or be receptive. iii.Finally, and I think critically, the last component is ensuring the organization delivers on the new brand promise. This seems logical, but the best examples of brand re-positioning are where brands start transforming internally and fundamentally brand of course inescapably to make like it wants to be seen. No one likes a overlarge utterer with no describe through. EXAMPLES OF RE-POSITIONING BRAND SUNKIST In this digital age where euphony and the practical(prenominal) macrocosm pretermit most of the jr. coevalss casual lives, marketers have to change and align their strategies to flip their fundament market.Recently, the American tonic brand Sunkist has initiated a brand re-positioning. They are now aimed at trend hold on teens and unripened adults. Sunkists brand manager state that they just cant rely on handed-down marketing. The brands mother company, the Dr pelt Snapple Group, is now utilizing YouTube, MySpace and Facebook platforms to invoke their products. The company has to a fault partnered with MySpace to promote its project. Sunkist has likewise created quaternion new videos featuring junior break dancers out at night.Many brands and companies are now using digital communication mediums and social media tools for a more relevant communication scheme that is in line with their target markets interests and ways of aliveness such as LG, Unilever, and Nutella. In an era when pile are teddy from video recording to computers and unstable phones, companies cannot only use traditional advertisement carry and moldiness find new ways to circulate their customers. Today, the proliferation of online platforms seems to be a great chance for marketers to enter this new age of communication.There is no head that Sunkists new strategy entrust help the brand increase its spherical write outingness and prosperedly reach their consumers. Today, the young generation is more health certain and in all probability less volitioning to buy drinks containing grand amounts of sugar. Sunkist did their market look before set up the new campaign to ensure their brand re-positioning is a success. JOHNSON AND JOHNSON bland oil is low-value, draw-produce and has a wide potpourri of uses there is vast potential difference for surge marketing.The market name for this substance has been long know as mineral oil colour, used mainly for health and checkup uses. barely US pharmaceutical and fast-moving-consumer-goods manufacturer Johnson and Johnson bridged the gap between the initial R&D and the market-ready innovation by be a sis-care quoin Johnsons rape Oil was born. This all-embracing their bollocks product range, which later also include No more part shampoo. These products contend the benefits and drawbacks of a localise strategy as the important brand re-positioning shows, in operation(p) in a break has its limitations.The stigmatization of their cocker oil and shampoo has super in effect(p) in delimitate their recess golden babies in above-the-line advertising, knap packaging and a swear manufacturing business sends out all the right connotations mothers know that these products will never harm their babies. As a result of this, Johnson and Johnson can differentiate themse lves from the competition by which is the essence of what a brand should aim to do that seduces a female-orientated target market to ignore generic wine competitors. This may have been key to uccess as Micheal hall porters quintette Forces demonstrates, Johnson and Johnson has less power than their customers, the supermarkets, who are also trying to carry on their own-brand alternatives. Hence, branding to create a street corner is a competition-driven objective. However, while it was a competitive strategy, present tense the products are marketed to a wider, mass market and the itch niche, which confine sales, has been ditched to come after a new sales growth aim. This is fundamentally re-positioning a brand.The baby oil and shampoo, it is argued, if soft and good-natured abundant even for babies, then sure new consumers can be attracted to use the product, which mirrors a form of market development. Predictably, more customers equates to more sales and therefore greate r taxation also, by increase demand Johnson and Johnson can benefit from internal economies of scale to reduce intermediate unit costs, which boosts profit margins. provided this is easier express than make very good marketing was needful to successful reposition their products.Ironically, therefore, the unfathomed behind successful brand re-positioning is not to change the branding to match the new consumer, but change the consumers sensed inevitably to match the brand. REFFERENCES scoresource. (2009, June 8). Retrieved 4 3, 2012, from Sunkist stigmatize Re-positioning http//www. labbrand. com/brand-source/sunkist-brand-re-positioning Johnson and Johnson dishonor Re-positioning. (2010, sniffy 4). Retrieved April 3, 2012, from Johnson and Johnson Brand Re-positioning http//manifestedmarketing. com/tag/johnson-and-johnson/ Derrick, E. (2011, phratry 9). The Blake Project.Retrieved April 3, 2012, from stigmatisation schema http//www. brandingstrategyinsider. com/2011/ 09/how-to-reposition-your-brand-for-higher-meaning. hypertext mark-up language Levey, C. (n. d. ). Re-positioning merchandise Strategies. I. T . Partners. Lyle, S. (2011, June 13). The honorary society of profession Strategy. Retrieved April 3, 2012, from http//theacademyofbusinessstrategy-brandre-positioning. com/ McKinsey & Company. (2001). in(predicate) Brand Re-positioning. selling Practice. Norlander, T. , & Unander-Scharin, M. (2007). Re-positioning- A Brand Personality. bachelor Thesis, 139. Ryken, C. (2011,